Not really about Arkansas, but interesting.

New York Times

21 Dec. 1862

THE WAR IN THE SOUTHWEST.

The Expedition of Gen. Hovey into Mississippi.

From Our Special Correspondent.

MOUTH OF THE COLDWATER, MISSISSIPPI, Wednesday, Dec. 3, 1862.

The place from which I date this, might, instead of the above, be termed, "In the deepest mudhole, in the midst of the wildest swamp in the most uncivilised portion of 'Mississippi"--it has all these characteristics and many others equally undesirable. The particular point at which this command is encamped is shown on a map at the spot where the Coldwater River debouches into the Tallahatchee, some forty miles cast, or nearly so, from the Mississippi River.

Some eight days ago Gen. HOVEY received orders to leave Helena with a force of -- cavalry, infantry and artillery -- with a view of making a demonstration toward PRICE's left, while Gen. SHERMAN, from Memphis, and Gen. GRANT, from La Grange, advanced upon his front. This was the programme, but what has been done by the other two columns, I do not know, as we are as completely isolated from the world here as if we were in the centre of the Great Desert -- probably, however, ere this, you have received the information that GRANT has moved upon PRICE's works with the success that usually attends that gentleman's efforts.

Embarking on steamers at Helena one sunny morning, we found ourselves the same evening 20 miles below, at a point on the Mississippi shore called Delta -- a point so named from a formation made by the Yazoo and Coldwater rivers. The desolate bank of the river was soon after aglow with camp fires, and an hour later a clear moon looked down upon the whole force, wrapped in blankets and slumber.

At daylight the next morning a heavy cavalry force pushed forward under Gen. WASHBURNE, and soon after infantry and artillery and wagons were creeping along slowly in their rear. As we left, the only residence at Delta -- an immene flat-boat -- was fired, and from that time until we reached the Coldwater, the flames that licked up the unpretending flat-boat, were reflected along every mile of our march. A half mile from the river we entered a swamp, from which we only emerged at rare intervals, and in which we are still lingering. After the column was well under way I rode ahead, and some ten miles from the river came to a rise of ground upon which was a cotton plantation, owned by a Dr. HULL. A fine residence, surrounded by negro quarters, stood in a pleasant grove of trees, while the cleared land ran straight back for a distance of two miles, by a half mile or so in width. So remote from the world, it seemed the very birth place of the genius of quietness; although from the appearance of the place, when I reached it, it seemed as if the presiding spirit of the place had been ousted by desolation.

A woolly-head or two peered timidly around the corners of the log buildings; a large, stolid negress sat upon the door-step of her shanty, and with her head leaning upon her hands, gazed without interest as I rode up. The yard in front of the house was strewn with broken furniture, fragments of clothing, bedding and small piles of cotton. Inside the house I found no one. [???] feet had thronged each room, while shattered trunks and bureaus with their contents scattered over the floor told the objects of the visit. In the parlor were several fine paintings and crayons, evidently the work of some school girl of more than ordinary genius; an elegantly finished piano stood at one side of this room, and upon it lay a book of bound music stamped with the owner's name. The name upon the music book and that upon the crayons was the same -- MARY T --.

     "Who is MARY T ------?" I inquired of the negress.

     "Dat was missus' name 'fore she married Mars' HULL," was the reply.

The first night we camped at about 10 o'clock, twenty miles from Delta. Our camping ground was exactly upon the road, with thick, impenetrable canebrakes filling the gloomy recesses of the cypress swamp on both sides. Dipping water from the mud-holes just stirred up by the wheels of the heavy artillery and baggage wagons, we made some coffee, drank it with the accompaniment of hard crackers, posted a few pickets in front and rear, and then sought such sleep as the ground, tired nature and freezing cold weather would admit.

There is a silence about these swamps that is mournful. It does not seem like repose, but is rather like the stillness that reigns over a graveyard. Night here has no voices; day is as tongueless as a vault. No squirrel chatters from some high limb; no birds rival with each other in song; even the tall green canes do not break the stillness with a rustle, but stand as void of motion and sound as the brown cypresses that surround them.

The next morning, more coffee and mud for liquids, and more "hard tack" for solids, and then the column moved on. About noon we struck the bank of the Coldwater, thirty miles from the Mississippi River, at a point occupied, or formerly so, as a plantation, by a man named HILL. Here, exactly upon the bank of the river, is a fine brick residence, and close by it a wooden vault, surmounted with a cross, in which sleeps the late owner of the three thousand acres, by which we had been passing for miles.

I rode in the yard, and accosted a smart-looking, ringletted negro.

   "Where's your master?"

   "Dar he is," said he, pointing to the wooden vault.

   "Where's your mistress?"

   "Ain't got none, 'cept Miss MATTIE; Ole Mars' never had any wife."

   "Who is Miss MATTIE?"

   "Ole Mars' daughter. She's gwine down to her gardeen's, an' dais nobody at home but niggers."

Old HILL, when a boy, was apprenticed to a tanner, served out his time, went into business, worked and saved and speculated until he found himself the owner of a fine residence and plantation, two hundred negroes, and more gold and silver than he knew what to do with. He was never married, but had an illegitimate child whom he educated, and who, at his death, became sole heir to all his wealth. Two weeks ago he fell a victim to a prevalent Southern complaint -- whisky -- died, and was gathered to his mother dust.

The house had been turned inside out. A fine bureau was broken to pieces, $1,200 which it contained abstracted, and all the private papers of the late owner scattered over the yard. While there the yard was filled with soldiers, who amused themselves by pitching the bedding out of the window, smashing in windows with the butts of their muskets, and driving their bayonets into the carved panels of a costly canopied bedstead that occupied the best room of the house.

When we left there was not a thing that grunted, squeaked or bellowed left alive on the plantation. Two miles further down I came to a log house where the "Gardeen" lived, and I dismounted to pay my respects to "Miss MATTIE." She was chatty, young and tolerably good-looking, took her losses with a tolerably good grace, gave little alternations of sunshine and showers as the mood ruled her, and avowed her determination never to marry anything but a Secessionist.

That night we encamped here, and since that time have amused ourselves principally by devising ways and means to get dry as fast as we get wet; which, considering the fact that it rains heavily twelve hours out of every fourteen, is an operation of considerable magnitude.

The cavalry force, under Gen. WASHBURNE, pushed forward, and the second day after leaving struck the Mississippi Central Railroad at a point five miles above Grenada. Here they found the enemy in force and fortified, but before leaving they cut the track in three places, burnt two bridges, and then fell back upon the railroad leading from Memphis to Grenada, at a point called Hardee's Station, where they so effectually disabled the track, that it will require six weeks to repair it. They then fell back within twelve miles of this place, and yesterday proceeded to Panola on the same road, where they burnt several hundred yards of bridging and trestle work, and then fell back in safety to their former position.

In all this march -- one unexampled in length for this same time -- they only had one skirmish with the rebels. This occurred at the crossing of a tributary of the Tallahatchie called Loch-na-fra-ta-fa, where a small squad of rebels attempted to dispute their passage. A few shots from a light howitzer battery sent the chivalry into the canebrakes with a loss to them of a few prisoners, and without any to us.

Dispatches -- the first sent -- are about to leave for Helena, and I must close. Will write more at length of operations as soon as possible.

GALWAY.

1 Jan., 1862

The Daily Dispatch, Richmond, Virginia CS

A bright idea.--Nothing seems to give our good friends, the Yankees, so much trouble as the "contraband"--or, in other words, the negroes they have stolen from Southern plantations. They are utterly at a loss what to do with them. They cannot send them to Liberia, for Liberia has set up for herself and will soon have an Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of her vim at the Court of the White House, and her consent must be obtained before so many lazy, ignorant vagabonds can be packed, upon her. They cannot turn them loose in Central or South America, for they own no land there, and John Bull, backed by France and Spain, is determined that the "area of freedom," shall not be enlarged in that direction. They will not let them settle in Yankeedom, for of all things in nature, a negro is most detestable to a Yankee. In this dilemma, "certain prominent members of Congress," as we are assured by that mirror of truth, the Washington Star, are coming forward to solve the difficulty. "They are considering," says the Star, "a new proposition for the solution of the 'contraband' question in order to avoid the expense of supporting crowds of slaves in idleness, and to furnish the American mills with cotton. "

The latter part of the sentence in the key to all Yankee movements. They have found out that cotton is king after all. They are mad for cotton. Put a bale in their sight and they fall into convulsions, as a rabid dog when he sees a vessel of water. They can't get cotton, and they are prepared to go all lengths for it. Their present scheme is a very wise one. "They take the ground," says the Star, "that the Indian territory west of Louisiana and Arkansas was ceded to the United States by treaty, and on certain conditions." The Indians having violated the treaties and spurned the obligations, it is proposed by these long-headed Congressmen to occupy their territory and put the contrabands in possession of it. The plantations of the Choctaws and Chickasaws alone, the Star tells us, could fully supply the American mills the first year, and, as Cuff is famous for making cotton only when he is compelled, a system of apprenticeship is to be established, to take the labor that is in him out of him. "The country is approached," it seems, "from St. Louis through Springfield, a distance of three hundred miles.""The remainder of the railroad from Rolla to Fort Smith can be completed in twelve months.""The county thus reverting to the Government embrace the vallies of the Red, Arkansas, and other rivers, and contains 20,000,000 acres of unsurpassed fertility, capable of producing 15,000,000 bales of cotton per annum."

This is certainly a grand scheme, and does credit to the "prominent-members of Congress" who concocted it. As there will be some difficulties in carrying it out, we venture to point them out to the "prominent members of Congress," that being forewarned they may be forearmed; 1st, There is a man named Sterling Price living out in Missouri on the line of this railroad, who will be sure to object to it, and, if not summarily deal with, will be very apt to thwart it. He is a man whom it will not do to despise. Some time ago a body of Federal troops were attempting to get to Arkansas through this very Springfield, when this fellow Price fell in with them there, and cut them into ribands. We are not sure that what were left of them are done running yet.--Nay, he followed them up, and took a whole army of them prisoners within a week afterwards. It is not altogether so certain that he will not have St. Louis in possession before the "prominent members" can start the first cargo to the promised land of cotton and glory. Now it is certain that Price will raise his sack against this scheme, wise as it is; and as he has something like fifty thousand men at his back and call, and is a desperate fighter, there is a chance that he may cause trouble. In the second place, after disposing of Price, it is but too probable that the Choctaws and Chickasaws may not be willing to give up their lands at the bidding of "prominent members." They number some eight or ten thousand warriors, and would have at their back all Arkansas, all Western Louisiana, and all Eastern Texas.

This scheme will not do. We can put the "prominent members" on a better. Let them drive out the whites from Louisiana and Mississippi, and plant the "contrabands" there. They will only have to walk-over the bodies of some hundred and fifty thousand men; and, to a bloodthirsty Bull Trotter this would hardly furnish food for a breakfast. If they object to this as an enterprise too easy of accomplishment, let them take in Georgia and Alabama, or Arkansas and Texas, or all of them together.

If Yankees were not so notoriously bloodthirsty, we have yet a scheme in reserve, which we would submit to the "prominent members." In doing so, we betray confidence, but we feel justified by the occasion.--A great English astronomer has made discoveries through the great telescope of the Earl of Ross, which throw all others — even there revealed by Lock twenty-five years ago — into the shade. He has found that there are magnificent cotton lands in the moon, and not a Choctaw or a Chickasaw anywhere near. Let the "preeminent members" forthwith seize them for the benefit of the "contrabands."--It will be much easier than it is to take the lands of the Chickasaws and Choctaws-Professor Lowe can furnish them with transportation. Let them apply at once. They will give him an opportunity of doing something really useful.

16 Jan., 1862

Daily State Journal, Little Rock CS

Napoleon Hospital.

This institution, by an act of the General Assembly of Arkansas, having been set aside for the benefit of the sick and disabled volunteer soldiers of Arkansas; and a sufficient fund having been appropriated for the purpose of putting it in a thorough state of preparation for the reception, maintenance and proper care and attention of patients, is now ready for the purposes indicated.

            The building is capable of comfortable quarters for from seventy-five to one hundred patients.  A competent resident surgeon will supervise the medical care and treatment of the patients, and a sufficient number of good nurses and attendants will be provided.

            It is to be hoped that the sick and disabled volunteers of Arkansas will avail themselves of the comforts and conveniences of this asylum which has been provided for them; and that the proper authorities of the Confederate Government will aid the State in furthering the humane objects contemplated.

H. M. Rector,

Governor of Arkansas.

Little Rock, Jan. 16, 1862.

16 January, 1862

Arkansas True Democrat, Little Rock CS

The Peace Society.

 We have received several letters, and persons have called upon us to make statements in relation to the alleged conspiracy, or peace society, formed in the northern part of the State.  We confess that we are at a loss to know what is the true state of the case, but we fear a great many innocent men and a number of ignorant ones, have been shamefully treated.  Sometime last summer, Mr. Harvick, of Monroe county, caused the arrest and examination of some members of a self-styled "pro bono publico," or peace society, but the evidence proved nothing reasonable and the parties were dismissed.  Sometime afterwards arrests were made and persons sent here, from Van Buren, Izard and other counties.  The most of them protested their innocence of any treasonable intent, their loyalty to the Confederacy and when offered a release on condition of service in the army, promptly volunteered.  The oath of the society, so far as disclosed, has no direct treason in it, but is suspicious as affixing the death penalty to an informer.

 On the one hand, it was charged that this society was instituted for the purpose of giving aid and comfort to the enemy; that upon the approach of Lincoln's troops the houses of the members were to be distinguished by a mark on the door facing and were to be unmolested; that arms from the federals in Missouri had been placed in their hands with which to fight against the South; that besides the oath already known, there was another and treasonable one, in which the members swore hostility to the Southern Confederacy and that the leaders were abolitionists.  It was admitted that the majority of these men were ignorant and had no knowledge of the ultimate objects of the society or designs of their leaders.

 On the other hand, we have been solemnly assured that if such a society existed there was nothing treasonable in it; that there was but one oath; that innocent men were induced to join by being told it promised them protection and that no collusion with abolitionists or Lincoln's army was thought of.  It is bitterly denied that any arms or ammunition were received from Missouri, or that any were found.  It is asserted that persons without authority commenced making arrests without warrants and upon suspicion, or when an enemy pointed out some person as a member; that there was no security of person; that old men, some of them having three sons in the Confederate army and who had furnished food and clothing to our troops, were seized, ironed and sent to this city, and that others who had responded to Col. Borland's call for troops, upon their return from Pocahontas were seized and imprisoned.

In the case of Mr. Edmondson, those who killed him say it was done in self defence and while he was resisting an arrest.  His friends say that Edmondson was a true southron; that in the reign of terror he advised certain persons whom he knew to have enemies to escape until the storm blew over, and for this he was accused of being a member of the society; that they sought to arrest him and because he refused to submit, shot him.

We do not know which of these stories is true, but if half that is told us is reality, there is a dreadful state of affairs there.  The power of making arrests without warrant is a dangerous one to put in the hands of any man or set of men and in this case it appears to have been exercised by anybody or everybody.  Arrests are being made yet, or were made until very lately and the State has had to pay large sums for arresting, guarding and bringing these men here.  While all this was going on, regular orders of regular Confederate officers are pronounced against as conflicting with the civil authority and running counter to the law.  It has been estimated that no more prisoners will be brought here as it is intended to make short work of these suspected men hereafter.  So, if anybody has an enemy in north Arkansas, he has only to denounce him as a member of the peace society to insure his death.

The Governor of this State has sworn to see the laws faithfully executed and if treason exists in that quarter he should see that the accused and arrested men have the advantage of a trial and defence.  The law, in this instance, has been lost sight of or trampled under foot. 

If the Governor will not act in the premises, the Military Board can appoint a commission to proceed to these counties, enquire into these matters, cause the legal arrest of parties against whom evidence is found and restore quiet and order among the people.

 We do not intend to impugn the motives of any person or persons engaged in making these arrests.   They may have been actuated by patriotic motives, but there is a limit to all things, and it is high time their power of arresting citizens and killing those who demur, should be superseded by the strong arm of the law.